The European bee, also known as the honeybee and honey bears the scientific name Apis mellifera. It's more bee species distribution in the world. Originally from Europe, Africa and parts of Asia, was introduced in America and Oceania. Was classified by Carolus Linnaeus in 1758. Since then, many taxonomists describe geographic varieties or subspecies which currently exceed the 30 races. APIS
MELLIFERA
Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta Order
:
Hymenoptera Suborder: Apocrita Superfamily
:
Apoidea Familia: Apidae Subfamilia
:
Apinae Tribe: Apini
Gender:
Apis Species: A.
mellifera
When a beekeeper hives referred to collectively do so from an intuitive concept of community, to discuss the components of an apiary, logically speaking knowledge of the biology of bees, whose social nature makes the individual in itself, no value for the community of bees. Therefore it is said that the hive is a superorganism. This behaves super-synergy, which is the effect produced by the interaction between the components of a system that makes the whole is greater than the sum of individual parts.
bees are eusocial insects social with three different types of individuals or castes in the colony:
1) Queen Bee.
2) bees.
3) Bee drone.
Each breed has its special role and develop a distinct type of work in the colony. The queen and the workers are female and the drones are males. Each caste has a development cycle time or different for each species itself and raised in different types of cells.
Queen Bee Honey bees are very interesting in many respects, survive and be perpetuated as a unit we call the colony. The queen bee depending on weather conditions usually begin to lay eggs in spring. This activity is conditioned by information received from outside (ie flow of nectar, pollen collection, day length, temperature, etc.).. The queen is the only fertile female lays eggs from which the other bees will be born. The queen bee does not leave the hive, except during the mating flight, or when a swarm to lead a new colony. The queen lays her eggs in wax combs that workers constructed with hexagonal cells. The egg after the third day into a small larva which is fed by nurse bees (young bees). After about a week (depending on species), the larva is sealed in his cell by nurse bees, producing the nymph or pupa stage. In about another week (again depending on the species), the nymph emerges as an adult bee.
Queens are not raised in typical horizontal honeycomb cells, but their cells are constructed to be larger and more upright. Moreover, they are fed pollen and larvae of the workers, but with royal jelly. It has been shown that this special power that makes a female to develop as a queen and not working. When the queen finishes her larval feeding stage and becomes a pupa, moves to a head down position, from which then eats his cell to exit. During pupal stage, the bees seal the cell pop or real. Just after emerging from their cells, often the queen bees produce a sound which creates a challenge to other queens for battle. Queen bees live an average of three years. The workers live much shorter periods, less than three months on average. The queen bees release pheromones to regulate the activities of the hive. Pheromones of the queen, among other things, modify the behavior of the workers so that they feed new larvae and queens rather than workers under normal conditions. Many bees also produce pheromones to communicate with others and other bees. Workers
Bees workers are females infertile. They secrete the wax used to build the combs and are also responsible to clean and maintain the hive, raising the larvae, monitor the nest and collect nectar and pollen. In
stinging bees, worker bees have a stinger-shaped container which can drive an enemy to defend themselves, but the bees die soon after nailing its sting, because it has a steely, so you can not remove, as part of the digestive system is attached to it.
Worker bees suck nectar from flowers, which is the energy food, and pollen, which they get protein, fat and minerals necessary for the survival of the inhabitants of the colony.
Drones Drones are male bees of the colony. Then produce eggs that drones have not previously been fertilized, so they have half the genetic makeup of the species. Drones do not collect nectar and pollen. The main purpose of the drones is to fertilize a new queen. These mate with the queen in flight. After completing the intercourse, the drone dies. The queen bee mates with several drones (over 15) in several flights of fertilization. Drones have no stinger and the stinger is actually a modified ovipositor.
Food
Both workers and the queen bee is fed royal jelly during the first three days of the larval stage. Then the workers change from a diet of pollen and nectar or diluted honey, while those larvae chosen to be queen bees continue to receive royal jelly. This causes the larva becomes a pupa faster it will increase its size and sexual development. The queen breeders consider good nutrition during the larval stage is of crucial importance for the quality of the queens raised, other important factors being good genetics and a sufficient number of matings. Communication
bees Bees have a communication system itself, known as the bee dance. Researchers worked for many years trying to decipher the language of these insects. Different species have adaptations own language, but are similar. In 1973 Karl R. von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz and Nikolaas Tinbergen won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine after decoding as through dance, vibrational motions, the bees indicated the distance and orientation to the sun of the food source.
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